In a circuit , potential difference between two points is more relevant than potential at a point. To find potential diff (p.d) we set one point to be zero deduce the potential at the other end by considering pd across devices. A battery pd is the emf of the battery , the higher potential being the positive terminal . The resistor pd is IR the higher potential lower potential following the current flowing through the resistor. The potential of the end point as compare to zero will be the pd itself. Whether is higher or lower than zero will determine the polarity of these two points.